Palo Alto Networks, Inc: 10-K filed 2015-09-17
What Palo Alto Networks, Inc reported in its annual report filed 2015-09-17 (fiscal FY 2015): 45 published measures, 190 facts as tagged in accession 0001327567-15-000027.
This filing
- Form
- 10-K (annual report)
- Filed
- 2015-09-17
- Fiscal period
- fiscal FY 2015
- Accession
- 0001327567-15-000027 on SEC EDGAR
Values are as tagged in this filing. A later filing can restate them; each measure links to its history page, which shows the latest-filed value per period. All Palo Alto Networks, Inc filings.
Reported measures
Total assets
Resources recognized on the balance sheet. Book assets are not the market value of the business.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 1,965,178,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 1,478,466,000 | USD |
Stockholders equity
The reported residual interest after liabilities. It is an accounting amount, not market capitalization.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 487,899,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 468,583,000 | USD |
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and qualifying short-term liquid investments under the filer’s accounting policy. Restricted cash and longer-term investments may be reported separately.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 375,814,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 653,812,000 | USD | |
| At 2013-07-31 | 310,614,000 | USD | |
| At 2012-07-31 | 322,642,000 | USD |
Net income or loss
Reported profit or loss for the period. Check the filing for attribution, exceptional items and discontinued operations before comparing companies.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-05-01 to 2015-07-31 | -45,971,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | -164,982,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2015-02-01 to 2015-04-30 | -45,935,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2014-11-01 to 2015-01-31 | -43,008,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2014-10-31 | -30,068,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-05-01 to 2014-07-31 | -32,058,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | -226,452,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2014-02-01 to 2014-04-30 | -146,587,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2013-11-01 to 2014-01-31 | -39,946,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2013-10-31 | -7,861,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | -29,246,000 | USD | 365 |
Operating cash flow
Cash generated or used by operating activities. Working-capital timing can make this differ substantially from reported income.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 350,304,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 88,406,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 114,519,000 | USD | 365 |
Revenue
Revenue under this specific accounting concept. A missing value is not zero; filers can use other revenue concepts.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 928,052,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 598,179,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 396,107,000 | USD | 365 |
Financing cash flow
Net cash from financing activities, including borrowing, repayments and transactions with owners. A positive amount does not establish operating profitability.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 50,704,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 575,140,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 25,018,000 | USD | 365 |
Investing cash flow
Net cash from investing activities, including asset purchases, disposals and investment transactions. This differs from capital expenditure payments alone.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | -679,006,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | -320,348,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | -151,565,000 | USD | 365 |
Retained earnings or deficit
Accumulated undistributed earnings or deficit at the reporting date. This balance is not cash available for distribution.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | -500,708,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | -335,726,000 | USD |
Income tax expense or benefit
Current and deferred income tax expense or benefit for continuing operations. This accounting expense differs from cash taxes paid.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-05-01 to 2015-07-31 | 5,426,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 9,405,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2015-02-01 to 2015-04-30 | 3,525,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2014-11-01 to 2015-01-31 | -703,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2014-10-31 | 1,157,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-05-01 to 2014-07-31 | -833,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 4,292,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2014-02-01 to 2014-04-30 | 1,272,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2013-11-01 to 2014-01-31 | 2,606,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2013-10-31 | 1,247,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 10,590,000 | USD | 365 |
Net property, plant and equipment
Carrying amount of property, plant and equipment after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization. It is not replacement cost or market value.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 62,878,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 48,744,000 | USD |
Share-based compensation expense
Reported noncash expense for share-based payment arrangements. Noncash treatment does not mean the awards have no economic cost to shareholders.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 221,315,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 99,774,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 43,704,000 | USD | 365 |
Operating income or loss
Operating revenue less operating expenses for the reporting period. It excludes items outside the reported operating result and is not free cash flow.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-05-01 to 2015-07-31 | -34,533,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | -133,536,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2015-02-01 to 2015-04-30 | -36,724,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2014-11-01 to 2015-01-31 | -38,516,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2014-10-31 | -23,763,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-05-01 to 2014-07-31 | -25,448,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | -215,347,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2014-02-01 to 2014-04-30 | -145,732,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2013-11-01 to 2014-01-31 | -37,156,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2013-10-31 | -7,011,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | -18,621,000 | USD | 365 |
Current assets
Assets classified as current under the normal operating cycle or one-year boundary. Not all current assets can be converted immediately into cash.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 1,074,030,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 958,326,000 | USD |
Interest expense
Borrowing costs recognized as interest expense. This is distinct from cash interest paid and may not include every capitalized borrowing cost.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-05-01 to 2015-07-31 | 5,666,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 22,325,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2015-02-01 to 2015-04-30 | 5,631,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2014-11-01 to 2015-01-31 | 5,539,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2014-10-31 | 5,489,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-05-01 to 2014-07-31 | 1,848,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 1,883,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2014-02-01 to 2014-04-30 | 13,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2013-11-01 to 2014-01-31 | 14,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2013-10-31 | 8,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 74,000 | USD | 365 |
Current liabilities
Obligations classified as current under the operating-cycle or one-year boundary. The balance includes more than short-term borrowing.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 1,032,227,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 348,171,000 | USD |
Current accounts payable
Current amounts owed to suppliers for goods and services received. This is one component of current liabilities, not all accrued obligations.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 13,204,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 14,526,000 | USD |
Goodwill carrying amount
Recognized goodwill remaining after accumulated impairment. It arises from business combinations and does not measure the current value of the company’s brand.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 163,522,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 155,033,000 | USD | |
| At 2013-07-31 | 0 | USD |
Net finite-lived intangible assets
Finite-lived intangible assets after amortization. This excludes goodwill and should not be combined with indefinite-lived intangible assets without checking scope.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 52,656,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 40,355,000 | USD |
Net current accounts receivable
Current customer receivables after the allowance for credit loss. The balance is not cash collected or a guarantee of collection.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 212,366,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 135,518,000 | USD |
Common-stock repurchase payments
Cash paid to reacquire common stock during the period. This is not an authorization limit or a direct measure of the net change in share count.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 0 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 132,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 78,000 | USD | 365 |
Operating expenses
Recurring operating costs under this accounting concept, generally excluding production costs included in cost of sales. Check filing presentation before combining expense subtotals.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-05-01 to 2015-07-31 | 244,094,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 810,089,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2015-02-01 to 2015-04-30 | 206,501,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2014-11-01 to 2015-01-31 | 196,846,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2014-10-31 | 162,648,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-05-01 to 2014-07-31 | 155,072,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 653,898,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2014-02-01 to 2014-04-30 | 256,722,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2013-11-01 to 2014-01-31 | 140,720,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2013-10-31 | 101,384,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 304,972,000 | USD | 365 |
Gross profit
Revenue less the costs directly attributed to the goods or services sold. It precedes other operating expenses and is not net income.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-05-01 to 2015-07-31 | 209,561,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 676,553,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2015-02-01 to 2015-04-30 | 169,777,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2014-11-01 to 2015-01-31 | 158,330,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2014-10-31 | 138,885,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-05-01 to 2014-07-31 | 129,624,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 438,551,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2014-02-01 to 2014-04-30 | 110,990,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2013-11-01 to 2014-01-31 | 103,564,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2013-10-31 | 94,373,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 286,351,000 | USD | 365 |
Research and development expense
Research and development costs recognized as expense. Capitalization policies and acquired projects can make this differ from total cash invested in development.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-05-01 to 2015-07-31 | 53,089,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 185,828,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2015-02-01 to 2015-04-30 | 48,486,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2014-11-01 to 2015-01-31 | 46,948,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2014-10-31 | 37,305,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-05-01 to 2014-07-31 | 32,830,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 104,813,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2014-02-01 to 2014-04-30 | 27,837,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2013-11-01 to 2014-01-31 | 24,253,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2013-10-31 | 19,893,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 62,482,000 | USD | 365 |
Common shares outstanding
Common shares outstanding at the reporting date. This point-in-time count differs from the weighted-average shares used for earnings per share and can exclude other share classes.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 84,788,000 | shares | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 79,519,000 | shares |
Accumulated other comprehensive income or loss
Cumulative other comprehensive items after tax, such as translation and unrealized hedging or securities effects. These amounts have not passed through net income.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | -88,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | -105,000 | USD |
Total equity including noncontrolling interests
Equity including the portion attributable to noncontrolling interests. It is larger than or equal to parent stockholders equity and is not market capitalization.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 487,899,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 468,583,000 | USD | |
| At 2013-07-31 | 272,420,000 | USD | |
| At 2012-07-31 | 229,071,000 | USD |
Long-term debt
Long-term borrowings under this concept, which can include the current portion depending on presentation. It is not total liabilities and may exclude leases and other obligations.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 487,084,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 466,875,000 | USD |
Gross property, plant and equipment
Cost of property, plant and equipment before accumulated depreciation. Historical cost does not indicate current value or replacement cost.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 110,662,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 79,366,000 | USD |
Accumulated depreciation on property, plant and equipment
Cumulative depreciation, depletion and amortization recorded against property, plant and equipment. It measures cost allocation to date, not physical wear or market value.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 47,784,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 30,622,000 | USD |
Net intangible assets excluding goodwill
Intangible assets other than goodwill after amortization and impairment. Internally developed intangibles are usually not recognized, so this understates what a company relies on.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 52,656,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 47,955,000 | USD |
Other noncurrent assets
Noncurrent assets the filer does not present separately. The composition differs by filer and is described only in the filing.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 73,251,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 66,528,000 | USD |
Other noncurrent liabilities
Noncurrent liabilities the filer does not present separately. The composition differs by filer and is described only in the filing.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 67,335,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 32,177,000 | USD |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepayments and other current assets grouped under this concept. The balance is not cash and its composition differs by filer.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 72,685,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 50,306,000 | USD |
Net deferred tax assets
Deferred tax assets after the valuation allowance. Realization depends on future taxable income, so the balance is not a receivable from tax authorities.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| At 2015-07-31 | 10,235,000 | USD | |
| At 2014-07-31 | 7,801,000 | USD |
Profit or loss including noncontrolling interests
Net income or loss including the portion attributable to noncontrolling interests. It can differ from the net income attributable to the parent that per-share figures use.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | -164,982,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | -226,452,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | -29,246,000 | USD | 365 |
Comprehensive income or loss
Net income plus other comprehensive income after tax. It includes unrealized items that net income excludes and is not a cash measure.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | -164,965,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | -226,541,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | -29,262,000 | USD | 365 |
General and administrative expense
General and administrative costs reported under this concept, separate from selling expense. Filers group overhead differently, so compare presentation before comparing companies.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-05-01 to 2015-07-31 | 28,576,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 101,565,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2015-02-01 to 2015-04-30 | 26,989,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2014-11-01 to 2015-01-31 | 27,023,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2014-10-31 | 18,977,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-05-01 to 2014-07-31 | 15,574,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 73,149,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2014-02-01 to 2014-04-30 | 23,717,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2013-11-01 to 2014-01-31 | 19,733,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2013-10-31 | 14,125,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 42,719,000 | USD | 365 |
Depreciation expense
Depreciation recognized for the period under this concept. It is a noncash allocation of asset cost and may exclude amortization and depletion reported elsewhere.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 20,300,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 14,000,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 9,800,000 | USD | 365 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
Combined depreciation, depletion and amortization for the period. A noncash allocation of asset cost, not a measure of maintenance spending.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 28,881,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 19,419,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 9,892,000 | USD | 365 |
Amortization of intangible assets
Amortization recognized on finite-lived intangible assets. It follows acquisition accounting and does not indicate the intangibles are losing usefulness at that rate.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 7,900,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 2,900,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 100,000 | USD | 365 |
Nonoperating income or expense
Total nonoperating income or expense, which can include interest, investment results and other items. A positive value is not operating profit.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-05-01 to 2015-07-31 | -346,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 284,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2015-02-01 to 2015-04-30 | -55,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2014-11-01 to 2015-01-31 | 344,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-08-01 to 2014-10-31 | 341,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2014-05-01 to 2014-07-31 | -5,595,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | -4,930,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2014-02-01 to 2014-04-30 | 430,000 | USD | 89 |
| 2013-11-01 to 2014-01-31 | -170,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2013-10-31 | 405,000 | USD | 92 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 39,000 | USD | 365 |
Income taxes paid, net
Cash income taxes paid net of refunds during the period. It differs from income tax expense and can reflect prior years and estimated payments.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 17,530,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 1,523,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 304,000 | USD | 365 |
Change in accounts receivable
The cash flow adjustment for the change in receivables during the period. A positive value under this concept means receivables grew and reduced operating cash flow.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | 76,830,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | 47,949,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 41,819,000 | USD | 365 |
Change in accounts payable
The cash flow adjustment for the change in payables during the period. A positive value under this concept means payables grew and added to operating cash flow.
| Period | Value | Unit | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-08-01 to 2015-07-31 | -3,498,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2013-08-01 to 2014-07-31 | -1,100,000 | USD | 365 |
| 2012-08-01 to 2013-07-31 | 5,830,000 | USD | 365 |
Inspect the source
- Entity
- Palo Alto Networks, Inc / CIK 0001327567
- Captured
- 2026-09-20T07:52:50.762Z
- SEC response SHA-256
0fce8129e237331262a97979fde517a19797896a44f4d4eeab2a0767aaa6029f
Current SEC company facts · Download the original response snapshot (gzip) · Download the selected JSON
Every published concept a filing tagged, with the periods it covered, as reported in that filing at capture time. Forms 10-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q, 10-Q/A, 20-F, 20-F/A, 40-F, 40-F/A. A filing page needs at least 8 published concepts. Later filings can restate these values; the company history pages show the latest-filed value per period.
Public company accounting reference, not market prices, returns, an investment recommendation, or ALPHAC performance. Validate a separately constructed return series with the validation API; accounting values are not returns.
Use this in research
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import json
from urllib.request import urlopen
with urlopen("https://canlicapital.com/company-data/0001327567.json") as response:
record = json.load(response)
print(record["fetched_at"])
print(record["policy"])
for concept in record["concepts"]:
print(concept["tag"], next(iter(concept["observations"])))